Holidays January 6
Christmas Eve
Christmas Eve comes, as it should before Christmas. People call it "carols". Christians consider a very significant holy night the night when the divine infant was born. It is from this day that modern chronology is conducted. In ancient Russia this day is very loved by peasants. It was Christmas Eve that ended on Christmas Eve. According to tradition, it was only possible to eat comically throughout the day. To prepare this dish, wheat grain was soaked and mixed with honey and fruit. It is also necessary to prepare festive clothes, to celebrate in a black robe Christmas is not allowed.
When the first star appears in heaven that announces the birth of the Savior, then you can already celebrate the holiday. The Christmas Eve is considered the main culinary Christmas event. Our ancestors laid a fresh smelling hay on the table, because that was the reminder of the nursery in which Jesus was born. A clean tablecloth was laid on the table, and twelve dishes were placed, just as many apostles were, all these dishes were absolutely lent. In Russia that day was the custom of caroling. Boys and girls gathered in small groups, walked home, sang carol songs, so they asked the hosts for various treats and money. From January sixth to the fourteenth, women do not sweep litter from the house, then they collect all the garbage and burn it in the yard.
On Christmas Eve, almost all houses lit a fireplace or hearth, put a piece of wood in the fire, pre-coated it with honey and sprinkled with bread grains. Burning fire was supported by all the Christmas time right up to the oldest New Year. There is a tradition, for Christmas they will insert a baked pie, put a coin in it in advance. Then the owner of the house cut the pie into pieces, and the one who comes across a piece with a coin will be happy.
In Russia, this holiday was considered the most fun and mystical. People paid special attention to the dreams that they had that night, it was believed that they were prophetic. In order to better remember the dream, they put a candle and a dream book in their head, so that when they wake up they immediately look into it and solve the dream. The main rite of celebration is the holy divination. Exactly at midnight, the girls gathered, went to the well and in complete silence gathered a bucket of water from the well, which had magical powers. Each of the girls present had to throw some bread grains, or some other objects into this bucket. Then they were taken out by a young girl who was not interested in this fortune-telling, at that time the girls sang ritual songs, the words of these songs were related to the pulled out object. Further, the girls hid these objects under the pillow, they believed that they would see the future husband in a dream. On this holiday, there is a ceremony to attract the groom. They took the damper from the oven, poured grain on it and fed the rooster. The most important thing was to attract a rooster, it symbolizes the masculine beginning and personifies the onset of a sunny day. The seeds that were given to the rooster were a symbol of fertility and prosperity in the house. At Christmas time there was a tradition of fortune telling with a rooster. They counted the grains, scattered them on the floor, at twelve in the morning they brought a rooster and released it into the room. We watched how the rooster would behave, and predicted the future. It was believed that if a rooster pecks all the grains, then the year will be successful in all endeavors, and the girl who sprinkled this grain should marry. If the rooster did not peck grain at all, it was a very bad sign. If during the fortune-telling the rooster looks in the mirror, then the groom will be beautiful.
Nativity in the state of Armenia
In the fourth, all Christian churches celebrated on January 6 the birth of the Savior and the feast of Baptism. A little time passed and in some churches the feast of the birth of Christ the Savior was moved to December twenty-fifth, so the pagan holiday from the memory of people that was customary to celebrate on this day was erased. However, the Armenian church has remained faithful to the old tradition, according to which the Savior’s birthday is celebrated on the sixth of January. In addition, on this day they celebrate the Baptism of Christ. Before this great holiday in the evening, a liturgy is held, which is called the Christmas Eve Liturgy. All believers who are in the church light candles, and then take them home. With these candles the house is sanctified and prepared for the celebration of the great day, Christmas. In the morning, after the Christmas Eve liturgy, Christians go to the service of the Christmas Liturgy. It is after her that the feast of Baptism begins, at this moment the rite of blessing of water takes place. It is surprising that this water does not deteriorate at all and is stored for a very long time. Believers bring this water to the house, prepare food on it, and all family members drink this water.
Epiphany in Greece
On the sixth of January, while the Eastern Christians celebrate the Christmas Eve, the people of Greece celebrate the Baptism of the Lord. This holiday is called for a special - fota, translated as "lights". Given that the Greek Orthodox Church lives according to the Gregorian calendar, this holiday is celebrated at the same time as that of Western Christians. Consequently, the difference with the Russian Orthodox Church is only two weeks. On the day of this holiday, the Greeks have a day off. On the sixth of January, the name day of all the Janus is the namesake of John the Baptist. The main Greek harbor of Piraeus was chosen as the venue of the festival, it is located near Athens. A prayer service is served on the pier, which is surrounded by festively decorated ships. During the celebration of Baptism, all world waters, rivers, lakes and seas are sanctified, as believers say. The whole day of the country is held the rite of blessing water. A ceremonial crusade near the sea ends, on the shore, believers perform a prayer service, which is timed to the baptism of Christ in the land of Jordan. This is the last holiday of winter in which children can earn pocket money by singing carols. In addition, during the Epiphany service in the coastal cities, according to the ancient custom, there are competitions between young people. The priest was to throw a silver cross into the cold sea water. To get the cross, the most daring young people threw themselves into the water and swam racing until they reached the goal. If suddenly no one could get this sacred cross, he was taken out by the rope to which the cross was tied so as not to lose it.
Maroon Day in Jamaica
The holiday is celebrated on the birthday of Captain Kujoe, who was a maroon. The Maroons by nature are freedom fighters who adequately repelled the attacks of the British colony. The captain defeated the English army. After that, he acted as a mediator in concluding a peace treaty with Britain, which was concluded in 1738. This agreement was a guarantee of freedom of slaves and guaranteed huge land ownership. It is on the sixth of January that the descendants of those former slaves should pay tribute to the Maroons. It was thanks to the Maroons that the ancestors of the inhabitants of Jamaica were freed, and they could hide on this island. In honor of this holiday, people hold various festivals, which are accompanied by traditional dances, songs and rituals.
Historical Events January 6
1813 yearManifesto Ending World War II Revealed
In January 1813, on behalf of Emperor Alexander I, a manifesto was published on the end of World War II. The announcement of the manifesto became a landmark event for the Russian people. The manifesto also prescribed the day of January 6th to be celebrated as the day of the victory of the Russian army over the Napoleonic invaders. The victory over Napoleon dispelled the myth of the invincibility of the French army. The Napoleonic invasion brought Russia great troubles. In the hostilities killed about two hundred thousand soldiers and officers. The loss of civilian population exceeded one hundred thousand people. Many western provinces, including Moscow, were ravaged and destroyed. Over the next few years, the country had to recover from a devastating raid. The main reason for the war was the uncontrollable militaristic ambitions of Napoleon. The military reform carried out by the emperor allowed him to create a modern and numerous army of a new type. Except for Russia and England, no one in Europe could provide significant resistance to the Napoleonic army. Napoleon's military talent brought Europe to its knees in front of France, but this was not enough for the commander, he dreamed of enslaving the whole world. The invasion of Russia was fatal for Napoleon. Inspired by the victories near Smolensk and the capture of Moscow, he relaxed and lost his vigilance. In addition, in the battles of Smolensk and Borodino, the French army suffered significant casualties. The main backbone of the Napoleonic army was destroyed. At the same time, the Russian army, retreating from Moscow, regrouped, replenished with resources and hit Napoleon with renewed vigor. Kutuzov drove the hated French from Russia like cattle to a slaughterhouse. By skillful maneuvers, the Russian army exhausted Napoleon and forced him to quickly retreat to the western border. And during the battle near the Berezene River, the French army was almost completely destroyed. The remnants of the Napoleonic troops left Russia without their leader, the emperor secretly fled from his soldiers. Thus ended the inglorious enterprise of the French emperor.
1834 year, Adopted the national anthem of the Russian Empire "God Save the Tsar"
The authors of the anthem, poet Vasily Zhukovsky and composer Alexei Lvov, won the all-Russian competition for the best project of the anthem of Russia. The competition was organized by decree of Emperor Nicholas I. The main idea of the new anthem was to become the principles of the unity of Orthodoxy and autocratic power. Also, in the new edition of the anthem, it was supposed to change the spiritual component inherent in the text of the work. The main symbol of state power should not be God, but the Sovereign Emperor. At the same time, the role of the Almighty was in no way underestimated, because the first words of the hymn were: "God save the king." This phrase reveals respect for the Higher Forces, which give power to the Earth to their saints. The Russian Tsar was such a saint before God, exercising power in the territory entrusted to him and by the people, on behalf of the Lord. The projects of Lvov and Zhukovsky sincerely liked the tsar and were accepted for execution. The work they created really reflected the political and spiritual reality of then-Russia. At the same time, the project of Glinka was rejected by the emperor, which greatly upset the great composer. For the first time, the anthem was performed at the Bolshoi Theater on January 6, 1834. The work of Lvov and Zhukovsky played the role of the national anthem of the Russian Empire before the 1917 revolution.
1992 year, Karabakh announces its independence from Azerbaijan
In the late 1980s, an ethnic conflict broke out between Armenia and Azerbaijan, with a religious background. The Armenian community, living in large numbers in Nagorno-Karabakh (an enclave in Azerbaijan), has set out to create a separate Armenian state in the enclave. At the same time, realizing the threat to the territorial integrity of the state, the Azerbaijani authorities took a number of decisive measures to counter the separatist conspiracy. In Karabakh, local ethnic conflicts everywhere arose in some cases ending in massacres and pogroms. The situation escalated to such an extent that most of the residents of rural Karabakh began to leave their homes and went to live in other republics of the USSR. On January 6, 1992, Nagorno-Karabakh officially declared its political and economic independence. Following this, Azerbaijan introduced military units into the territory of the separate republic, and as a result, the Armenian-Azerbaijani armed conflict broke out. Azerbaijani troops managed to occupy some areas of Karabakh, as well as oust the NKR militias from the occupied regions of Azerbaijan. In response to this, the NKR units supported by the Armenian troops occupied the southwestern part of Azerbaijan. The international community has sharply condemned the illegal actions of the Armenian side. At the moment, Azerbaijan does not want to recognize the independence of the NKR and considers these lands the property of the state of Azerbaijan. However, this position of Azerbaijan is more declarative in nature. Indeed, the territory of the southwestern part of Azerbaijan, including Karabakh, is under the control of the Armenian armed forces.
2007 yearbattle in Acto County
The anti-terrorist operation of the Chinese army to liberate Akto County from terrorists from the East Turkestan Muslim organization. Xinjiang Province is home to 8 million Chinese Muslims (Uyghurs). Most Uighurs oppose the massive migration of Chinese to their region. The Islamic community of Xinjiang province is actively advocating the creation of an independent Islamic state in the province. Naturally, such separatist statements do not go unnoticed by the central Chinese authorities, which provokes armed conflicts. Official Beijing accuses representatives of the East Turkestan movement of collaborating with al-Qaeda, but a number of human rights organizations, including the leadership of East Turkestan, deny all ties with terrorist organizations, and the statements of the Chinese authorities regard it as attempts to disguise the fight against separatism and dissent. At the same time, representatives of Chinese intelligence agencies say that they know the areas where the training camps and the militants of the East Turkestan organization are located. According to the Chinese authorities, the training bases of terrorist organizations are located in areas bordering Pakistan. On January 6, Chinese paramilitary units liquidated one of these bases. As a result of the special operation, 19 militants were destroyed, 17 were arrested. On the part of government troops, one soldier was killed. Immediately after the incident, representatives of the organization "East Turkestan" said that the information released by official Beijing is nothing more than a cynical provocation.
1884 yearinvented an electric telescope
The influence of ultraviolet radiation on electricity was discovered by the German physicist Hertz. The scientist found out that if a conductor under voltage is illuminated by UV rays, it will quickly lose its charge. Hertz described the open phenomenon in 1888, however, not knowing its nature, he could not explain. Could not understand the nature of the phenomenon of physics, Galvax and Lodge, scientists considered the experience of Hertz, a chemical process. Difficulties in understanding the phenomenon discovered by Hertz were associated with insufficient knowledge of physical processes. The above phenomenon could not be explained only after 1897, when Joseph Thomson discovered the electron, and without this discovery it is not possible to explain the photoelectric effect. The discovery of the photoelectric effect contributed to the invention of television. The first prototype of the television installation was the so-called mechanical scan of the image, designed by the German physicist Paul Nipkov. The scientist invented an electric telescope in which he used a disk with spiral holes. The inventor received a patent for the manufacture and use of a telescopic image transmission system on January 6, 1884. In the future, many scientists continued the development of the principle of mechanical sweep.Means have been created to facilitate the transmission of a television signal. So television was born.
Born on January 6
Nikolay Kryuchkov (1911-1994), an outstanding Soviet actor
The actor was born on January 6, 1911 in the city of Moscow, in a family of workers. He studied at the factory school. After graduation, he worked at an engraving factory. Acting science Kolya studied at the theater of working youth, in which he played his first roles. In 1931, the young actor was invited to audition director Barnet. The first film by Kryuchkov was the film "Outskirts", in which Nikolai played the role of Senka the shoemaker. The film hit the screens in 1933 and was well received by the viewer. The following year, Kryuchkov is again invited to the cinema. This time, Barnet is shooting an actor in the movie "At the Blue Sea". The picture brought great success to young Kryuchkov. After her, the actor excitedly began to call to the cinema. In 1938, the director Pyryev approved Kryuchkov for the main role in the film, "Tractors". In the film, the actor played the hero of the film Klim Brightly, who fell in love with the entire Soviet public. After "Tractor drivers" Nikolai Afanasevich became a legend in pre-war Soviet cinema. With the outbreak of war, Kryuchkov persistently asked for the front, but the military commissariat refused to call him. There is an opinion that the team did not call Kryuchkov to the front, was given from above. The actor was appreciated and cherished. During the war, Nikolai starred in the films “A guy from our city”, “Kotovsky”, “In the name of the motherland”, “Front” and others. In the postwar years, Kryuchkov went headlong into theatrical activities, but still manages to act in films. Famous works of the post-war years were: "Sadko", "Anxious youth", "Over Tisoy", "Hussar ballad", "The marriage of Balzaminov", "To me Mukhtar" and others. During his lifetime, Nikolai Afanasevich earned the title of the legendary actor, but also these days, the actor is honored and remembered. In 1965, Nikolai Kryuchkov was awarded the title of People's Artist of the USSR.
Larisa Shepitko (1938-1979), Soviet actress and director
Larisa Shepitko was born on the sixth day in January of 1938 in the city of Artemovsk in the Donbass, in the Ukrainian SSR. After leaving school, Larisa left her hometown and went to study in Moscow. Successfully graduated from the Institute of Cinematography. As a student, she began acting in films. The debut of the actress was the picture "Heat", for which Larisa was awarded a prestigious prize. In 1966, the young actress starred in the film "Wings", after the release of which is on the screen, she became widely known. The film "Wings" is dedicated to the fate of the aviator N. Petrukhina. Next were the films "Homeland of Electricity", "Angel" and Motrya. Unfortunately, the paintings did not appear on the screens due to inconsistencies with the principles of Soviet morality. After an unsuccessful film almanac, Shepitko makes a color film, "At the thirteenth in the morning," in which outstanding actors, V. Basov, G. Vitsin, A. Papanov, A. Shirvindt and others, are shot. In 1974, Larisa was awarded the title of Honored Art Worker. After conferring the title, the young director makes a film about the Ascent war, in which young actors, V. Gostyukhin and B. Plotnikov, starred. The film was awarded the main prize at the Riga Film Festival. Unfortunately, the actress’s career turned out to be too short, Larisa died in a car accident, heading for the shooting of her next film.
Valery Lobanovsky (1939-2002), Ukrainian football coach
The famous coach was born on January 6, 1939 in the Ukrainian SSR. In childhood, I dreamed of becoming a driver. Parents saw their son as an engineer. From the age of 13, Valera began to study at a sports football school. After leaving school, the young Lobanovsky entered the Kiev Polytechnic Institute and continued to play football. Valery began his football career in Dynamo Kyiv, where he spent 6 years. Then there were Odessa “Chernomorets” and Donetsk “Miner”. In Soviet times, Lobanovsky spent more than two hundred matches and scored more than seventy goals. In 1960, he became the silver medalist and champion of the USSR. In 1964, he was awarded the USSR Cup. With the USSR national team, Lobanovsky plays in two matches, and holds seven matches with the Olympic team. Since 1974, the head coach of Dynamo Kyiv, with whom he won eight USSR championships, has won six Cups and two Cup Cups. Thanks to the activities of Valery Vasilievich, Soviet football received international recognition. In 1975, Lobanovsky was awarded the title of the best trainer in the world. Under his leadership, the USSR national team held seventy-seven matches, of which forty-two won. In the early 90s, Lobanovsky coaches the UAE football team. Since 2000, Valery Vasilyevich head coach of the Ukrainian team.
Joan of Arc (1412-1431), hero of France
Jeanne was born on January 6, 1412. In adolescence, the girl began to hear voices. Jeanne believed that Saints Katerina and Margarita were talking to her, and she also said that Archangel Michael was talking to her. According to Jeanne, the voices of the saints informed her that it was she who could establish peace in the state. In those distant times in France there was a powerful burgundy opposition, who did not want to see France as an independent and strong country. The Burgundians actively supported the interests of England. The rumors about the holy virgin spreading among the people reach the king of France, Charles. He wants to see a strange girl. At the meeting, Jeanne convinces the king that only she can lead the royal army to victory. The French soldiers believed Jeanne, and followed her into battle, as a result of which the British were defeated, and the Dauphin was crowned by Charles VII. In honor of the great victories, Jeanne was called the Orleans maiden. After the coronation, Karl forgot about Jeanne, he abandoned state affairs. Meanwhile, the French army again began to lose to the British. By accident, Jeanne was captured by the Burgundians. However, the king betrayed the girl and did not want to release her from captivity. Burgundians feared Jeanne and her influence on the people. Accusing her of witchcraft, they executed a courageous and pure soul girl. In 1920, the Catholic Church condemned the execution of Jeanne and numbered the virgin.
Metropolitan Filaret (1783-1867), Moscow Metropolitan
Filaret was born on January 6, 1783 in the family of a priest. From childhood, the boy attended church services. When Filaret grew up, he was sent to a theological seminary in Kolomna. After Kolomna, he studied at the Lavra Seminary, in which he manifests himself as a very capable student. Thanks to his zeal for study and his natural eloquence, Metropolitan Plato notices him. At the end of the seminary, Filaret teaches and preaches. In 1808, Filaret took monastic tonsure. In 1809, he was called to teach in St. Petersburg, as one of the most talented teachers of his time. Soon he was appointed rector of the Theological Academy and the Novgorod monastery. In 1821, Filaret became Archbishop, and in 1826 Metropolitan of Moscow. Relations with the official authorities, the metropolitan does not add up, Emperor Nicholas refers Filaret to the opposition. After the death of Tsar Nicholas, Filaret ascends the throne of Alexander II, with whom he develops good relations. At the initiative of the emperor, Filaret publishes a manifesto on the release of peasants from bondage. In addition to the church service, Filaret is also engaged in literature and translates ancient scriptures into Russian.
January 6th
Artem, Claudia, Eugene, Sergey
