Military chemists who appeared during the First World War, today celebrate their professional day. Radiation, chemical and biological protection became relevant when using asphyxiating gases in the 1st World War (for the first time - mustard gas), from the German army. In 1918, the Special Chemical Department in the Red Army was established, which was intended to account for the chemical property of the Russian Army and to ensure anti-chemical actions. The tasks of modern RKhBZ troops include radiation, chemical and biological reconnaissance, degassing and disinfection, the use of masking fumes, flamethrower incendiary weapons.
The Indian festival of Diwali symbolizes the victory of light forces over dark ones. Translated from Sanskrit, this word means "cluster of fire." For five days, some places in India are like New Year's holiday trees. Festive garlands, illuminations from oil lamps are mounted in residential buildings and store buildings. During the day, merchants tidy up their business, do business accounting, and in the evening bring milk to the goddess of wealth and fertility Lakshmi, who, together with her husband Vishnu, does not like the dark. According to legend, the Diwali festival was first held on the day of the seventh incarnation of Vishnu, when they crowned Tsarevich Rama, the seventh incarnation of Vishnu.
In the 18th century, several schools for the blind were founded in Paris, Valentin Gayui became their founder and founder. The World Health Organization has decided to mark World Blind Day for his birthday on November 13. Valentin Gayui invented a relief-linear font "uncial" for the blind. Large, even letters squeezed out on paper are tactile, moving letters made it possible to read the text. Valentin Gayui did not receive government support and he founded the first school for blind people at his own expense. Workshop of the Blind Workers taught 12 street children. Valentin Gayui also taught children geography using specially designed maps for the blind and globes. The first books for the blind on ounce were very expensive, in 1829 another way of teaching with the help of six-digits was invented.
According to the old style, October 31 - memory of the Monks Spyridon and Nicodemus
For thirty years of their life in the Kiev Pechersk monastery they baked prosphora and saw this as their mission in the service of God. Spiridon lived a long life, he came to the monastery, being already in middle age. Nicodemus and Spiridon are known for extinguishing the fire from the stove and remained unharmed. That is why the people call them perfect saints, guardians of the house from fire and other misfortunes. On this day, in Russia, chickens are transferred to warmer rooms for winter, they select poultry for slaughter, and they prepare “chicken pots” (chicken pies) and chicken cutlets. Fishermen are preparing for fishing, mending gear. In the northern seas, fishing is considered to be dangerous, "to fish - go to death." Water fishing was noted in the proverbs: "Do not feed the earth - feed the water."
In 1837, the first railway station in Russia was opened on the line St. Petersburg - Tsarskoye Selo, which gave rise to the Russian Railway, the longest in the world at that time. After the death of Nicholas 1, it began to be called Nikolaev. On November 13, the Moscow-St. Petersburg section of the road was completed and the first Russian train set off. His movement took place for 21 hours. 4 trains began to run from the capital to Moscow, 1 of them was passenger and consisted of 7 cars, the remaining three transported goods. Since 1984, a train has been launched between the two capitals, capable of speeds of 200 km per hour, it has been called Strela. He travels the distance in just five hours. The maximum speed of a train today is 260 km per hour.
November 13 - 1758 opened a medical university, later received the name of the great Russian scientist I.M.Sechenov
Today it is a medical academy teaching 9000 students a year. The opening of the university was at the suggestion of M.Yu. Lomonosov and Count Shuvalov during the reign of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. Today, the Medical Academy is the main among the country's specialized universities, has 17 clinics and 3,000 hospital beds in the institute's inpatient centers. In addition, retraining and advanced training of personnel is taking place on its basis.
November 13, 1872 - the publication of the "Alphabet" of Leo Tolstoy.
Leo Tolstoy fought illiteracy in the dark and unenlightened peasant Russia with his own methods. In Yasnaya Polyana, he organized a free school for peasant children and taught them to read and write, without rods and violence. This school was not like the others, without the obligatory cramming and curses, literacy lessons were interesting and informative. The subjects of geography, Russian history, and natural science aroused real delight and sincere interest in children. The freedom and fun that prevailed in the classroom did not deter, but rather attracted children to school. Sitting down anywhere - on the floor, windowsill, benches - they had the right to ask any questions to the teacher, talked, consulted with neighbors. Lessons were often held in a playful way; there were no homework. In 1872, the teacher wrote his ABC, and later published 4 more books to read.
November 13, 1918 - Education of the Ryazan Higher Military Command School
The infantry, and subsequently the airborne school, first issued commanders as early as 1919, graduates went directly to the front of the Civil War. In the fast program for 3 years, 499 commanders were trained. In 1920, the educational institution became the Ryazan Infantry School. It began to produce airborne specialists after merging with the Alma-Ata Combined Arms Command School, later it was named after Army General V.F. Margelov.
Robert Stevenson (1850 - 1894), historian, writer, author of historical adventure novels
He began to write as a student at the institute. The work "Pentland Uprising" was published when he was only 16 years old. Most famous is his "Treasure Island", which is translated into all the major languages of the world. He published some books in collaboration with his wife and her son, and wrote two unfinished novels during the life of A. Qwilleran Kuch in 1897. A series of books about the adventures of Prince Florizel is very popular, several adaptations have been released based on these novels. His story with a psychological bias, “The Strange Story of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,” is also known.
John Montague (1718 - 1792 years), 4th Earl Sandwich
The only heir to the title of count until the age of 10 studied at a noble boarding school, and then in Cambridge. John Montague is famous for his culinary inventions. As a result of card games, he went bankrupt and hid from creditors. According to legend, the invention of the “sandwich” is associated with his gambling state during the game. He spent more than a day at the gaming table and ate meat rolls at that time. He asked me to put the filling in the middle so as not to get my hands dirty when I play. Later, as the head of the Admiralty again, he financed Cook's expedition. He, in gratitude, called him the name of the open Sandwich Islands (Hawaii).
George Babakin (1914-1971), design engineer, developer of unmanned stations "Luna-7", "Luna-20"
Georgy Nikolaevich Babakin Awarded the Lenin Prize for achievements in the field of space station development, several medals and other awards. As the head of the bureau, he led the work on space stations flying to the moon and Venus. Craters on the Moon and Mars are named after him.
Whoopi Goldberg (1955), American comedian
Real name Whoopi Carin Johnson. As a child, she was teased by whoopee, and she took this name as a stage name. It is known that in her youth she led a hippie life and was addicted to drugs. For his film debut Whoopi Golberg immediately receives a Golden Globe and an Oscar for his lead role in the film Purple. Later, another outstanding figurine for her supporting role in the film "Ghost" joins her outstanding awards. Whoopi Goldberg is a favorite of the public. comedies and detectives with her participation enjoy the continued interest of viewers around the world.
Esayas Tegner (1782 - 1846), Swedish poet
His most famous works are associated with Old Norse mythology: the poem "The Saga of Fritiof", a novel in the poems "Axel". Numerous poems are published in the journal of Idun, in which he worked for several years. The poem "First Communion" has become a real example of the Swedish national epic, "The Saga of Fritjof" has more than 20 translations in English only. Tegner’s last poems were written under the influence of a mental crisis.
Mikhail Vasilievich Petrashevsky (1821-1866), Russian revolutionary - democrat
Taking part in the life of a secret community, he was arrested and sentenced to death, which at the last moment was replaced by hard labor and exile. In exile, he founded the Amur newspaper, which he fought with the arbitrariness of the authorities. He lived in Shushensky and Krasnoyarsk, in the village of Kebezh and Irkutsk, and everywhere carried on revolutionary work.
Name day holders of such names celebrate:
Alexander, Vasily, Vsevolod, German, Aleksey, Anatoly, Artemy, Ivan, Kuzma, Nicodemus, Spiridon, Stepan, Nikolay, Roman, Sergey, Trofim, Fedor
