Holidays May 13
Day of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia
The holiday - Day of the Black Sea Fleet - is celebrated in Russia annually on May 13 in memory of the creation of the Black Sea Fleet. The holiday was established in 1996. It was on this day in 1783 that several ships of the Azov flotilla entered the Black Sea Akhtiar Bay. This event happened two months after the annexation of Crimea to Russia. Soon, the construction of the city began on the shores of the bay, which later became the main base of the Russian fleet, Sevastopol was given the name of the newly-minted city.
The history of the Black Sea Fleet contains many memorable pages in its “baggage”. For example, in the mid-nineteenth century, through the efforts of Admirals Lazarev, Greig, Kornilov and Nakhimov, the Black Sea Fleet became the best sailing fleet in all of Europe. During the Crimean War, the naval squadron defeated the Turkish troops. This battle took place in Sinop Bay. As a result, all enemy ships were crushed. This battle was perhaps the largest in the history of the sailing fleet. And during the Great Patriotic War, the Black Sea Fleet was entrusted with the crucial task of covering and maintaining the Primorsky Front of the ground forces.
Today, the Black Sea Fleet of Russia is an operational-strategic association in the Black Sea. It carries out military security of the Russian Federation in the south, incorporating surface ships, submarines, naval missile and fighter aircraft. The naval composition of the Black Sea Fleet includes about three thousand different ships (linear, sailing, large missile, small missile, landing, patrol and many others), as well as boats, submarines, gunboats, rescue and hydrographic boats.
May 13 on the folk calendar
Jacob Warm
On May 13, the Orthodox Church honors the memory of St. James Zebedee, who, according to the Holy Scriptures (New Testament), was one of the apostles and was the brother of John the Theologian. The brothers were considered one of the closest disciples of the Savior Christ. Only them and the apostle Peter Jesus made eyewitnesses to his resurrection and transformation.
In Russia, from Jacob's day, it was customary to stop all matchmaking - the coming weeks were considered extremely unfavorable for creating love relationships and marriage. Until now, one can hear an old saying from old people: "In May, getting married is a sin to take, but toil for life." However, the proposal received from the grooms in this period was not just a sin, but an unforgivable insult thrown to the side of the potential bride and her parents. Also on this day it was forbidden to go on a long and dangerous road, not having bathed before starting the way in March from snow in March - this was specially reserved in March for such a case.
The peasants deeply believed that from Jacob's day all sorts of sores and illnesses were awakened, only the March water helped to protect them from them. She just washed her face for prevention. Today they watched closely the sunrise: if the sky remained clear with it, then the summer was foreseen as clear, sunny. But the starry sky on the eve of the night or the southern warm winds in the morning testified to an unstable, but abundant in harvest summer.
Historical events of May 13
May 13, 1770 - There was one of the most extreme weddings for the country between the heir to the French throne, Louis XVI, and 14-year-old Marie Antoinette. The wedding ceremony would have gone according to plan if it had not been overshadowed by two terrible incidents: at the very height of the wedding, the courtiers, having rushed to the wedding altar, were knocked down and crushed to death by more than a hundred Swiss guards.
May 13, 1871 - The inclusion of the Vatican by the Italian Parliament into the Italian kingdom and the deprivation of the pope of secular authority
Prior to the promulgation of the relevant law, the Vatican had several papal states that, by the nineteenth century, had about 16,000 square kilometers of land with four million people. Parliament passed the relevant law, despite the hostility of the Pope. This law was called the guarantee and recognized the primacy of the Pope over the ecumenical church. The rules also provided for the complete inviolability of his personality.
As the residence of the Pope, the palaces of Lateran, the Vatican and the castle of Gandolfo were assigned, and in compensation for the content of the curia he was offered three million lire. The Pope rejected the newly introduced law because it did not recognize the Italian state. He also refused material compensation, for if he had accepted it, he would actually legitimize his new position. The head of the church made a statement that he is a prisoner of the Vatican. As a result, there was a split in the state, because most Italians preached Catholicism.
May 13, 1836 - Construction work began on laying the first railway routing in the direction of Petersburg - Tsarskoye Selo - Pavlovsk
In April 1836, Nicholas I issued a decree on the construction of the first railway, and on May 13 of the same year, construction work began on its laying. These paths became the first public highways in the country. Its construction took place under the strict watch of the Austrian engineer F. Gerstner. The project was planned to be completed in five months, but the designers did not guess a little in time (officially the Tsarskoye Selo railway was opened on November 11, 1837), although more than three thousand people worked on it. In 1837, the first train, in which the emperor himself, as well as engineer Gerstner, was launched by rail. He walked the set path in almost forty minutes.
May 13 were born
Larisa Reisner (1895 - 1926) - a participant in the civil war, an international revolutionary, commissar of the Red Fleet, an outstanding Soviet writer. Together with her father, Larisa Mikhailovna was engaged in publishing the Rudin magazine, in which the caustic truth of life and aesthetic poetry were examined and published. Having adopted the October Revolution, Reisner joined the party. The woman died at the age of thirty from typhoid fever. One glass of milk ruined her. After death, many remembered Reisner more as a bright personality, gentle as a good writer.
Friedrich Ermler (1898 - 1967) - People's Artist of the USSR of Latvian origin, four times awarded the Stalin Prize. Member of the First World War, and then civil. Ermler was a communist, security officer, as well as one of the best filmmakers of the time. Even in the terrible war years, he did not stop cherishing the dream of cinema. Soon, Ermler became his bright propaganda representative, putting on the films “Counter”, “Chip of the Empire”, “Peasants”, “The Great Turn” and “She Defends the Homeland”.
Stevie Wonder (born in 1950) - American composer, singer and producer. Wonder was born blind, but his mother always taught him that the boy should not despair and strive for an interesting and diverse life. Her efforts were not in vain; in 1963, Wonder released his first album. With him began the fame of the singer. Today, Wonder is also a black rights activist.
Name Day May 13
Name Day celebrates May 13: Utah, Sergey, Maxim, Ignat, Jacob, Vasily, Peter, Nikita, Donat, Robert, Irina.
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