Since 1991, Independence Day of the Republic has been celebrated in Azerbaijan. In that year, the world community recognized Azerbaijan as a separate state. The Constitution of Azerbaijan guarantees the rights and freedoms to all citizens, regardless of religion. It is believed that the republic was organized back in 1919, and in 1991 the restoration of its independence and integrity took place.
On this day, credit unions and branches organize an open day. Charity events, fairs and competitions are held. A credit union is a mutual financial assistance organization, a mass and attractive form for the people, representing an alternative to banks on a non-profit basis. The basis of the action of such unions is consumer cooperation, which has been developing in Europe since the end of the 19th century. The economic advantages of cooperation were first explained by Charles Fourier, Robert Owen, Louis Blanc. In America, this holiday was first celebrated in Massachusetts on the day of President Franklin, who was born in this state.
Known far beyond the borders of Britain, the deity has deer horns on its head. He wanders around the surroundings of Windsorborough Castle; sometimes he is seen riding a fire-breathing horse. Forest horned god manages the fertility of the animal kingdom of the forest, opening the gates of Life and Death. Druids revered him as the God of fertility.
One of the four evangelists of Luke, a medical doctor by training, was originally from Antioch. His traditions about Jesus were heard all over the Mediterranean. He treated the poor and rich very well, but he himself was a poor man. He was fed by both, the clothing was given by the community. He was invited to the Pauline community in Greece. Luke wrote the gospel as his biography. The revelations of John the Theologian include a description of four animals living in heaven, having human faces and praising the Lord. Therefore, the evangelists received one symbol each, the symbol of Luke is Taurus. Luke's Day is celebrated in the Protestant and Greek Catholic churches.
Haritina Day - the first canvas
The holy martyr Kharitina lived in the 4th century on the Black Sea coast in the city of Ponte. Being an orphan and brought up by his adoptive father Claudius, he sacredly believed in Christ and decided to devote himself fully to the service of God. A solitary and chaste life in a separate house set an example for many people, and pushed many to adopt Christianity. But once the pagans slandered her, and she appeared before the court and torture. She died in firm faith and with prayer. Popular sayings mention home crafts - "Haritina weaved and spun - she dressed the whole house." Women began weaving that day, began to spin, embroider and knit. The work was fun, with the singing of folk songs. Weaving was considered very honorable. Day has become much shorter and nights. According to signs, if the clouds that day went against the wind and the tiles curled in the air, snow should be expected soon.
October 18, 1009 of the year the Church of the Holy Sepulcher was looted and destroyed
The order was given by the Egyptian ruler Al-Hakim, who, according to legend, was nicknamed Mad.
The Church of the Holy Sepulcher was founded by Empress Elena, in 325, by the mother of the ruler Constantine the Great. The first Christians came to the place of Calvary and the place where the Life-giving Cross was found. The looting of the temple took place in parallel with the destruction of the rest of Jerusalem's Christian buildings. Crazy ruler repaired Christians, Jews and even Sunnis. Legends on these facts are extremely contradictory and today there is practically no way to completely restore events.
October 18, 1867 Alaska was transferred to the United States
The discovery of Alaska in 1732 by M. S. Gvozdev and I. Fedorov made Russia the owner of land in North America. In 1799, the Russian-American Company (RAC) was established. 100 years after the discovery, the population of Alaska was 2.5 thousand people of Russian origin and up to 60 thousand Indians and Eskimos. The region generated revenue from the fur trade, but the cost of maintaining a remote region exceeded revenue. It was October 18, 1867 that Alaska was transferred to the United States, the transaction value is 7.2 million dollars. The Russian garrison ceased to function, the board was transferred to the American government. On the same day, the reckoning in the area was changed - the Gregorian calendar came into effect. Residents moved overnight for 13 days.
October 18, 1967 years, the Venus-4 space station received the first scientific data from the surface of Venus
The first solar system planet Venus to the Earth was first sent a rocket back in 1961. A study of Mars was also planned. The rocket circled the Earth and from the region of Equatorial Africa launched into space in the direction of Mars and Venus. Scientists could not yet calculate what atmospheric pressure could be expected on the surface of these planets; these should have been calculated by the apparatus as they approached. Landing on Venus was carried out on March 1, 1966. This device could not transmit data to Earth. For this purpose, the space station Venera-4 has dealt. The composition of the planet’s atmosphere was determined, and studies were conducted quite successfully. Further research made it possible to obtain color images of the surface and mapping work began.
October 18, 1947 first ballistic missile launched
The rocket launch took place at the Kapustin Yar training ground, subsequently rebuilt in the Cosmos-1 spaceport. Research satellites with small-capacity launch vehicles will start from this spaceport.
October 18, 1942 70 years ago, the opening of the V.F. Komissarzhevskaya Theater in Leningrad (St. Petersburg) took place
It is noteworthy that the theater was opened during the blockade of the city, and was called Blockade. The performance of the play by Konstantin Simonov “Russian People” took place during the whole blockade. The audience also watched the military-patriotic performances "Front" Korneychuk, "Wait for me" Simonov, "Invasion" Leonov. Russian classics was presented by plays based on plays by L. Tolstoy, N. Gogol and F. Dostoevsky. The symbols of the theater were the staging of plays about Ivan the Terrible. The name of the great actress Komissarzhevskaya was assigned to the theater in 1959.
October 18, 1960 - Jean-Claude Van Damme, American actor, film director and screenwriter
His favorite sport - karate and kickboxing, served him an excellent role in his acting career. In 1979, he became the champion of Europe in karate. Showered with suggestions from the directors. The fee reached 6 million per film. Today, he continues to act, although the popularity has faded a little.
October 18, 1934 - Kir Bulychev, children's science fiction writer
He became known to the general public in 1980, when the film "Guest from the Future" was shot based on his novel. However, his career is associated with oriental studies. He lived for some time in Burma, working there as a translator and correspondent for the APN. He published essays in the popular science magazine Around the World, and worked as a teacher. His works as a screenwriter were awarded the USSR State Prize as the best scripts for the films “Through thorns to the stars”, and later “The Secret of the Third Planet”.
October 18, 1777 - Heinrich von Kleist German playwright, prose writer and author of poetry
His creative heritage was only appreciated after his death. This is a revision of the gallant comedy Amphitrion, the realistic comedy The Broken Pitcher, the romantic tale Ketchen from Heilbronn, or The Test of Fire. The rejection of his compatriots entailed a double suicide, which they committed together with a beloved woman who has an incurable disease.
October 18, 1901 - Vladimir Zakharov, head of the Pyatnitsky choir
He began to lead the choir in 1931. During the war years, the choir toured on the fronts with concerts. At that time he wrote his best songs for choral performance, received the State Prize and the title of People's Artist of the USSR.
October 18, 1847 - Alexander Lodygin, Russian electrical engineer
The main invention of the Russian scientist was the creation of an incandescent lamp. It is noteworthy that this topic interested the young researcher when working on the aircraft. He invented an incandescent lamp in 1872. The glow body was made of a thin rod of retort coal placed under a glass hood. For the first time, inventions were applied as lighting on Odessa Street. They began to use an incandescent lamp for lighting ships and enterprises.
October 18, 1959 - Sergey Dorenko, Russian journalist and TV presenter
For several years he was the host of the Vesti program on the Ostankino channel, and served as director of the Moscow Independent Broadcasting Corporation. His famous political show is Sergei Dorenko’s Program.
On this day, the owners of such names celebrate name day: Gregory, Denis, Evdokim, Alexei, Gabriel, Kuzma, Peter Matvey.
